Cost as a Factor in Supply
In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his products and the products （51） his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or （52） the market price. However, in considering the price, he must take the （53） of production into consideration. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for （54） he believes will be a short time. However, no business person can （55） to lose money for a prolonged period. He must be constantly （56） of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.
Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per unit decrease. （57） mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, （58） logic and practical experiences have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists （59） to this principle as the law of increasing costs.
The reason costs rise as production goes up is （60）. However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, （61） competitive bidding in the marketplace for the factors of production. If a producer needs （62） skilled labor to produce more, and none of this labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get （63） from other sources. This can be done by （64） higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive, （65） not all land is equally fertile and not all ore （矿石） is equally rich in the mineral wanted.
51 A to B at C of D on
52 A below B beneath C over D above
53 A price B cost C worth D profit
54 A that B why C what D if
55 A afford B pretend C offer D decide
56 A sure B afraid C aware D suspicious
57 A Because B since C When D While
58 A both B neither C none D any
59 A resort B refer C turn D attend
60 A clear B simple C difficult D complex
61 A bringing B resulting in C including D carrying out
62 A less B numerous C more D many
63 A them B these C it D those
64 A offering B cutting C reducing D having
65 A as if B just as C because D while
答案：
51. C 52. A 53. B 54. C 55. A
56. C 57. D 58. A 59. B 60. D
61. B 62. C 63. C 64. A 65. B
解析：
完形填空题型要求答题者要能读懂文章，注意句语句、词与词之间的关系，并掌握常见词的一般用法，这就对单词和固定表达的掌握量有了要求，但是也不用着急，平时我们阅读过程中，做题会陆续地遇到很多表达，慢慢积累，做这类题就不用愁啦。并且靠的都是很常见的词，因此很多时候都不会很难。看看第一题考的是所有格的表达：有两种是必须掌握的：+s和of是最常见的，所以应该选择of,表示…..的。然后第二空，第一种情况是above，另外一种就是at，below表示高于、处于、低于价钱。53题，take into consideration是把什么考虑在内的意思，很显然在考虑价格时还要考虑成本，所以选B，一般情况what 和that 在引导并与从句时可以互换，但是在这里what做的是will be a short time的主语，所以应该选择what, 55 题afford to的用法，意思是负担得起的意思，很显然没有人能负担得起长时间的亏损。56题，be aware of 知道、了解、关注的意思，57，have the impression表示有个印象….但情况一般都是相反的，所以应该选择while尽管，引导转折，58，both and 两者都，neither….nor两者都不…这里说的逻辑推理和实际经验都表明当生产超过一定量后，每单位的成本会上升。59，refer to …..as 把…..归结为…..的意思，60，注意后边有个however ….easy to 转折关系，所以前面应该是easy的反义词，因此选complex, 61, result in表示结果，result from表示产生于….62, 后面提到none of this labor is unemployed, 说明所有的劳力都利用上了，所以应该选more 。 63，这里应该是选择代指 competitive bidding的词，因此it,不可数名词，因此不能用其他选项，因为所有的劳动力都利用了，所以不得不付给高工资，因为没有多余的劳动力。64题，offer sth 提供.....付给...65题，just as 正像…一样。 as if 似乎、好像….的意思，通常表达的意思是反面.
