全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试 卫生类A级模拟题

　　第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

　　下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　1. It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment.

　　A) unforgettable

　　B) unbelievable

　　C) unfair

　　D) unthinkable

　　2. The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.

　　A) difficult

　　B) worried

　　C) anxious

　　D) unhappy

　　3. It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished.

　　A) pulled down

　　B) rebuilt

　　C) renovated

　　D) whitewashed

　　4. The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster.

　　A) delayed

　　B) quick

　　C) positive

　　D) unfavorable

　　5. He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism.

　　A) long and detailed

　　B) short and clear

　　C) comprehensive

　　D) professional

　　6. The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful.

　　A) efficient

　　B) respectable

　　C) well-informed

　　C) respectful

　　7. The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.

　　A) simply useless

　　B) really practical

　　B) very little

　　D) extremely useful

　　8. The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me.

　　A) reasonable

　　B) sensible

　　C) crazy

　　D) unbelievable

　　9. In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue.

　　A) extremely thorough

　　B) long and boring

　　C) superficial

　　D) unconvincing

　　10. We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious.

　　A) effective

　　B) clever

　　C) implausible

　　D) original

　　11. Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.

　　A) competitive

　　B) diligent

　　C) qualified

　　D) competent

　　12 He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career.

　　A) hot-tempered

　　B) healthy

　　C) friendly

　　D) patient

　　13. Not all member States abided by the principle they had agreed on previously.

　　A) adhered to

　　B) abandoned

　　C) applied

　　D) adopted

　　14. Examination papers of the class were marked without bias.

　　A) immediately

　　B) correctly

　　C) fairly

　　D) carefully

　　15. The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated.

　　A) resumed

　　B) put an end to

　　C) suspended

　　D) re-scheduled

　　第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把Ｃ涂黑。

　　Because headaches are a part of almost all of our lives, people with chronic headaches sometimes don’t realize that they may need to see a doctor. They tend to believe, incorrectly, that their headaches are like everyone else’s and they will only be “ bothering (打扰，麻烦)” the doctor.

　　“ When should somebody seek medical help for headaches?” neurologist Seymour Diamond asks rhetorically (提出问题进行探讨)。Generally, whenever headaches are associated with neurological signs, such as dizziness (头晕)，weakness in a limb or limbs, vision impairment of any sort--- including seeing flashing lights --- they warrant (应受) immediate attention. Additionally, Diamond says that you should seek medical attention:

　　If you suffer from almost daily headaches;

　　If the headache is a type you’ve never had before, or there has been a change in the character （特征）of the headache;

　　If you’re losing time from work or activities, or otherwise being prevented from functioning.

　　Even if your headaches are less dramatic than those described here, if they are a real problem to you, you should seek help. It may be that your doctor will be unable to find a physical cause for your discomfort, but that may point you in other directions to find relief. Some headaches, particularly those caused by tension, have a major psychological component that might be relieved through counseling (走向，指导)。

　　16. People with chronic headaches never realize that they need to see a doctor.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned.

　　17. Headaches have become increasingly difficult to treat.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned.

　　18. They tend to believe that they will not be welcomed by the doctor if they go to see him.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned.

　　19. Headaches are never associated with dizziness and weakness in a limb or limbs.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned.

　　20. If you suffer from almost daily headaches, you should seek medical attention.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned.

　　21. If there is a change in the character of the headache, you should not go to see a doctor.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned.

　　22. Any drug that combats the headaches is a great step forward.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned.

　　第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　1. Antibiotics are drugs produced by certain microbes. Antibiotic substances are obtained from bacteria and fungi that live in the air, soil and water. Most antibiotics are used by physicians to fight various diseases caused by harmful microbes. A few are used to treat certain cancers. Antibiotics are sometimes called “ wonder drugs” because they can cure many diseases that once were often fatal. The number of deaths that are caused by pneumonia and scarlet fever has declined drastically since people began using antibiotics.

　　2. There are more than 70 clinically useful antibiotics. Antibiotics fight pathogenic microbes and cancer cells by interfering with their normal cell processes. In most cases, this interference can occur in one of three ways: prevention of cell wall formation, disruption of the cell membrane and disruption of chemical processes.

　　3. The contents of bacterial cells are enclosed in a membrane that is surrounded by a rigid wall that prevents the cells from splitting open. Penicillin and some other antibiotics destroy pathogenic microbes by hindering the formation of this wall. Human cells do not have nor need rigid cell walls and so are not damaged by these antibiotics.

　　4. Some antibiotics, including nystatin, disrupt the cell membrane of certain microbes. This membrane controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell. If the membrane is disrupted, vital nutrients may escape from the cell or poisonous substances may enter and kill the cell. But the membranes of human cells are not affected because these antibiotics disrupt cell membranes that contain elements found only in microbial cells.

　　5. A. Antibiotics destroy pathogenic microbes by preventing the formation of the walls surrounding the membranes of the microbial cells that prevent the cells from splitting open.

　　B.More than 70 clinically useful antibiotics have been invented to fight pathogenic microbes and cancer cells by interacting with their normal cell processes.

　　C.Human cells are not surrounded by a membrane.

　　D.Some antibiotics disrupt the cell membrane of certain microbes, letting vital nutrients to escape from the cell or poisonous substances to enter and kill the cell.

　　E.Nystatin is used to disrupt the wall surrounding the membrane.

　　F.Some antibiotics fight disease by interfering with chemical activities in microbial cells but not in human cells.

　　All cells produce proteins and nucleic acids, which are vital to the life of any organism. Some antibiotics fight disease by interfering with the chemical processes by which these substances are produced. For example, streptomycin prevent certain kinds of microbes from producing proteins, and rifampin interferes with the formation of nucleic acids. Human cells produce proteins and nucleic acids in much the same way that microbial cells do. But these processes differ enough so that some antibiotics interfere with chemical activities in microbial cells but not in human cells.

　　23. Paragraph 2________.

　　24. Paragraph 3. _______.

　　25. Paragraph 4. _______.

　　26. Paragraph 5. ________.

　　27. Antibiotics cure diseases that used to be incurable, so they are sometimes called ______.

　　28. The number of people who died from pneumonia and scarlet fever has declined since _____.

　　29. The membranes of human cells can not be disrupted because _______.

　　30. All cells produce proteins and nucleic acids which are __________.

　　A.antibiotics disrupt cell membranes that contain elements found only in microbial cells.

　　B.people began using antibiotics.

　　C.wonder drugs

　　D.penicillin may destroy normal cells of human beings

　　E.vital to the life of any organism

　　F.disruption of the cell membrane

　　第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　第一篇

　　A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January., U.S. health officials said on Friday.

　　Officials from the U.S. government’s National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.

　　The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.

　　Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.

　　Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.

　　“We anticipate that in the long term, what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation’s health care costs, “ Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child health and Human Development, told reporters.

　　The study will begin in January when the university of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.

　　Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.

　　The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.

　　31. The aim of the study is to find new ways to ________.

　　A. conduct research

　　B. track public health

　　C. prevent or treat illness

　　D. speed up development

　　32. Researchers will collect all the followings EXCEPT____________.

　　A. genetic samples from people in the study

　　B.Biological samples from people in the study

　　C. samples from the homes of the women and their babies.

　　D. samples of air and water from hospitals.

　　33. It is expected that through the study the nation’s health care costs ________.

　　A. will be lowered in the long run

　　B. will be significantly increased

　　C. will be more than $200 million

　　D. will reach $ 3.2 billion

　　34. The babies of the participants will be followed

　　A. throughout their lives

　　B. for more than two decades

　　C. from birth to 21 months

　　D. until they get married

　　35. Which is NOT true of the people in the study?

　　A. They’ll be from various areas

　　B. They’ll be from all income levels.

　　C. They’ll be from all educational levels

　　D. They’ll be from all age groups.

　　第二篇

　　15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder

　　Social anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.

　　The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.

　　"Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations," Jerilyn Ross, the association's president and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday.

　　"The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves," Ross said.

　　Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted. "It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships," she said.

　　People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Ross noted. "But they feel powerless to do anything about it," she said.

　　Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference.

　　"This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on 1," Pollack said. "The typical age of onset is early adolescence, age 12 or 13, and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to2 earlier childhood."

　　The disorder also has physical symptoms, including heart palpitations, feelings that their throat will close up3, sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering, Ross said.

　　Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition, Ross said.

　　However, when the condition is diagnosed and treated, many reported improvement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help, Ross noted.

　　36 People with social anxiety disorder are known for their fear of ___________.

　　A being left alone.

　　B leading normal lives.

　　C embarrassing other people.

　　D facing social or performance situations.

　　37. What do people with social anxiety disorder think of their fear?

　　A They think it's beyond their control.

　　B They think it's beneficial.

　　C They think it's controllable.

　　D They think it's justified.

　　38. Which is NOT true of people with social anxiety disorder?

　　A They're often isolated and ashamed.

　　B They find it difficult to make friends.

　　C They often fail to get timely treatment.

　　D They tend to judge or criticize other people.

　　39 The symptoms of social anxiety disorder include all the following EXCEPT _____________.

　　A heart palpitations.

　　B sore throat.

　　C sweating.

　　D blushing.

　　40. It can be seen from the last paragraph that treatment of the disorder ______________.

　　A has no positive effect at all.

　　B is unavailable to most sufferers.

　　C tends to be refused by the sufferers.

　　D can lead to improvement in the sufferers' lives.

　　第三篇

Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance

　　The ability of micro--organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue．Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment(multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy．They constitute a growing and global public health problem．WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics．reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

　　An article punished in The Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics．The article

　　“has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3(antimicrobial resistance)。and，in particular，has raised awareness of infections caused by multi．drug resistant bacteria.

　　While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to define the most effective measures for control．

　　Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national governments，the pharmaceutical industry．and international agencies．

　　WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use, including , education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription；and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures，including the use of hand-washing measures．particularly in healthcare facilities．

　　Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries，and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented．

　　WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance．Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO’s World Health Day 2011．

　　41．Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest?

　　A The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present．

　　B The micro-organisms develop much faster than the past, so the researchers are more interested.

　　C The antibiotics for multi—drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and there will be a big market for the drug industry．

　　D The antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drug resistant bacteria.

　　42．Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases?

　　A The issue of AMR led the scientists to be alert to the new human gene．

　　BA new drug will be soon available for any multi-drug resistant bacteria．

　　CA new strain 种类has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics．

　　DAMR aroused the awareness of the scientists to the infections caused by the antibiotics．

　　43．Whom of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR?

　　A Those who use antibiotics．

　　B Those who sell antibiotics．

　　C Those who produce antibiotics．

　　D Those who study in universities．

　　44．All the following recommendations to the governments from WH0 is true EXCEPT

　　Aeducation to the users of antibiotics．

　　Bcontrol on use of antibiotics in health facilities．

　　Cintroduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics．

　　D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they can use．

　　45．What can you infer from the passage?

　　A WHO can only recommend the governments to control and prevent the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms．

　　B Even with the new strains against the existing antibiotics，the transmission of multi—drug resistant organisms is still under control．

　　CWithout the support from WH0，no country can be safe in the war against the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms．

　　DWHO will spare no effort in antimicrobial resistance in 2010 and will set a special day for it in 2011．

　　第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）

　　阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　Shortly after the British naturalist, Charles Darwin, published his theory of evolution, a Victorian lady was asked what she thought of the idea that humans and animals were descended from a common ancestor. “ Let us hope it is not true,” she said. _____(46).

　　This story is probably apocryphal, but it illustrates well the attitudes of the time. _____(47). Many people accept Darwin’s view of how we came into being that our bodies evolved through the process of natural selection acting on our genes.

　　However, Darwin believed evolution was responsible for far more than just our physical characteristics. He saw it as the major influence in shaping our psychology. Indeed, he predicted that “ in the distant future, psychology will be based on a new foundation.” ________(48).

　　To proponents of concepts like free will and personal responsibility, such an idea seems absurd. _______(49). Their research has revealed increasing evidence that the human mind is made up of innate mechanisms, which control everything from the way we perceive time and space, to how we learn survival techniques and choose mates. _______(50). Steven Pinker, Professor of Cognitive Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, likens language ability to computer software, “ children learn a new word every 90 minutes of their waking life for years, then they have to figure out how to string them together using a kind of mental computer program. The essence of human language is the ability to convey new ideas by putting words together in different combinations. Since we all have this language “ software” in our minds, we can figure out what others are saying by the meanings of the words and the order in which they are arranged. “

　　A. Today, we are more comfortable with our past.

　　B. “ And, if it is true, let us hope it does not become public knowledge.”

　　C. But a growing number of scientists are questioning the extent to which our behavior is controlled by our culture.

　　D. Many people are calling for controls on cloning immediately before the practice is abused.

　　E. The foundation was, of course, his theory of evolution.

　　F. Nowhere is this more obvious than our innate ability to learn languages.

　　第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）

　　阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Pandemic H1N11 2009

　　The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern European countries．A high intensity of respiratory diseases activity___51____concurrent circulation of pandemic influenza still____52_____in parts of southern and eastern Europe，____53____in Greece，Poland，and Ukraine．

　　In Western Europe，influenza____54____remains active and widespread，but overall disease activity has peaked．All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1Nl 2009，however，very small____55____ of seasonal influenza viruses，covering less than l％of all influenza viruses_______56______，were reported in Russia．____57____，limited available data indicate that active，high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries____58____ the Mediterranean coast．

　　In Central Asia．1imited data____59____that influenza virus circulation remains active , but transmission may have recently peaked in some places．In West Asia，Israel，Iran，and Iraq also appear ____60____ their peak period of transmission within the past month，though ____6l____ areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet returned to baseline levels．In East Asia，influenza transmission remains active but appears to be ____62____ 0verall．____63___increases in ILI2 were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity over one month ago．

　　In North America，influenza transmission____64____widespread but has declined quickly in all countries．In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean，influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease activity has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts, ____65____focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries．

　　51．A of B with C for D in

　　52．A remains of B keeps C exists D develops

　　53．A particularly B usually C exactly D completely

　　54．A transport B transmission C development D occurrence

　　55．A amounts B counts C calculations D numbers

　　56．A to find B finding C finds D found

　　57．A However B Nevertheless C But D In addition

　　58．A along B on C at D around

　　59．A advise B propose C suggest D recommend

　　60.A to pass B passing C to have passed D passed

　　61.A both B all C none D neither

　　62 A declining B reducing C below D under

　　63.A Little B Big C Slight D Great

　　64.A reduces B remains C increases D prevents

　　65.A apart from B beside C besides D except for

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