2012年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类(B级)试题

　　第1部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)

　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线。请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

　　1 The city centre was wiped out by the bomb.

　　A covered    B reduced    C destroyed D moved

　　2 The contempt he felt for his fellow students WaS obvious．

　　A need B Iove C hate D Pity

　　3 A iarge crowd assembled outside the American embassy

　　A watched B shouted C walked D gathered

　　4 He inspired many young people to take up the sport.

　　A allowed B encouraged C called D advised

　　5 The storm caused severe damage．

　　A serious B physical C accidental D environmental

　　6 I think￡7 for a drink is a bit steep, don’t you?

　　A tight B low C cheap D high

　　7 DO we have to wear these name tags?

　　A Iists B forms C labels D codes

　　8 Most babies can take in a wide range of food easily.

　　A bring B keep C serve D digest

　　9 Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted,“Joe,Joe,Joe!”

　　A repeated B jumped C maintained D approached

　　10 What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.

　　A shocks B influences C confuses D concerns

　　11 A the flats in the building had the same layout.

　　A color B arrangement C size D function

　　12 The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away .

　　A fresh B hot C heavy D windy

　　1 3 The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.

　　A big B long C new D empty

　　14 Our aim was to update the health service。and we succeeded.

　　A modernize B offer C provide D fund

　　15 Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.

　　A slightly B partly C completely D faintly

　　第2部分：阅读判断(第16-22题.每题l分, 共7分)

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子, 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息.请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息, 请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及, 请选择C.

Brotherly Love

　　Adidas and Puma have been two of the biggest names in sports shoe manufacturing for over half a century．

　　Since l928 they have supplied shoes for Olympic athletes．World Cup-winning football heroes．Muhammad Ali.hip hop stars and rock musicians famous all over the world．But the story of these two companies begins in one house in the town of Herzogenaurach, Germany．

　　Adolph and Rudolph Dassler were the sons of a shoemaker．They loved sport but complained that they could never find comfortable shoes to play in．Rudolph always said, You cannot play sports wearing shoes that you’d walk around town with. So they started making their own．In l920 Adolph made the first pair of athletic shoes with spikes(钉), produced on the Dasslers’ kitchen table．

　　On lst July l924 they formed a shoe company, Dassler Brothers Ltd and they worked together for many years．The company became successful and it provided the shoes for Germany’s athletes at the l928 and l932 Olympic Games．

　　But in l948 the brothers argued．No one knows exactly what happened, but family members have suggested that the argument was about money or women．The result was that Adolph left the company．His nickname was Adi．and using this and the first three letters of the family name, Dassler, he founded Adidas．

　　Rudolph relocated across the River Aurach and founded his own company too．At first he wanted to call it Ruda, but eventually he called it Puma, after the wild cat．The famous Puma logo of the jumping cat has hardly changed since．

　　After the big split of l948 Adolph and Rudolph never spoke to each other again and their companies have now been in competition for over sixty years．Both companies were for many years the market leaders, though Adidas has always been more successful than Puma．A hip hop group, Run DMC, has even written a song called “My Adidas” and in 2005 Adidas bought Reebok, another big sports shoe company．

　　The terrible family argument should really be forgotten, but ever since it happened, over sixty years ago．the town has been split into two．Even now, some Adidas employees and Puma employees don’t talk to each other．

　　16 Adidas and Puma started to make sports shoes at the end of the l9th century．

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　17 The brothers’ father was a ball maker．

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　18 The brothers first made sports shoes at home．

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　19 The brothers provided sports shoes for the l924 Olympic Games．

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　20 The brothers decided to start up their separate companies after the argument．

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　21 Nike sells more shoes than Adidas．

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　22 People in the town have now forgotten the argument．

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题, 每题l分, 共8分)

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第l～4段每段选择l个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

How Technology Pushes Down Price

　　1 Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution technology. Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. People who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less capital. Food is therefore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been. Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years, and continues to drop.

　　2 Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale. Like any big business, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. As supermarkets get bigger, the prices get lower.

　　3 Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on producers to cut their margins. As a result, some producers have had to make cuts. In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33,000 t0 245,000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its "path to growth" strategy. Cadbury has shut nearly 20 per cent of its 133 factories and cut 10 per cent of its 55,000 global workforce. These cuts help keep costs down, and the price of food stays low.

　　4 Does cheap food make people unhealthy? Cheap food may encourage people to eat more. Food companies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America, soft drinks came in 80z (225g) cans in the past, then 120z (350g), and now come in 200z (550g) cans.1f a company can sell you an 80z portion for $7, they can sell you a 120z portion for $8. The only extra cost to the company is the food, which probably costs 25 cents.

　　5 Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money. But it is hard to change the trend.

　　23 Paragraph 1______

　　24 Paragraph 2______

　　25 Paragraph 3______

　　26 Paragraph 4______

　　A. Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices

　　B. Chain stores provide better service

　　C. Technology helps reduce food prices

　　D. Huge retailers force producers to cut costs

　　E. Consumers like supermarkets

　　F. Food comes cheaper in larger portions

　　27. Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in___.

　　28. Some food producers have reduced___.

　　29. Besides cutting its workforce, Unilever also abandoned its___.

　　30. Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got___.

　　A. minor brands

　　B. a good barging

　　C. large quantities

　　D. their workforce

　　E. huge portions

　　F. their money

　　第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题, 每题3分, 共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文, 每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容, 为每题确定l个最佳选项。

第一篇 From Ponzi to Madof

　　The year was 1920. The country was the United States of America. The man's name was Charles Ponzi. Ponzi told people to stop depositing money in a savings account. Instead, they should give it to him to save for them. Ponzi promised to pay them more than the bank. For example, a savings account might pay you $5 a year for every $100 you deposit. Ponzi, however, would pay you $40 a year for every $100 you gave him to hold. Many people thought this was a good plan. They began to give their money to Ponzi.

　　How could Ponzi make so much money for people? This is what he did with the money people gave him: He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money. However, he also kept a lot of the money for himself. Soon he had $250 million. This was a kind of theft, and it was against the law. The people who gave him their money didn't think anything was wrong. Ponzi paid them every month, just like a bank. Ponzi continued this way of working for two years. Then one day, he didn't have enough money to pay all the people. They discovered his crime, and he went to prison for fraud.

　　Ninety years later, people began to hear about a businessman in New York named Bernard Madoff. People said he gave good advice about money. They said when they gave him their money, he paid them a lot more than the bank. Madoff helped hospitals, schools, and individuals earn money. Over a period of 40 years, people gave him $170 billion. However, no one investigated what he did with the money. The people who gave Madoff their money also didn't think anything was wrong because he paid them every month.

　　One day, Madoff didn't have enough money to pay all the people he needed to pay. That's when people discovered how Madoff worked: He was taking money from some people to pay other people, just the way Charles Ponzi did. However, this time, instead of losing millions of dollars, people lost billions.

　　Madoff was accused of fraud, and United States government officials arrested him. He didn't have to go on trial because he said he was guilty. In 2009, a judge sentenced him t0 150 years in prison. Bernard Madoff's crime was even bigger than Ponzi's. It was the biggest fraud in history. The lesson of this story is clear: When something seems too good to be true, it probably is!

　　31. For every $100, Ponzi promised to pay people_________.

　　A. $5 a year.

　　B. $20 a year.

　　C. $40 a year.

　　D. $100 a year.

　　32. What did Ponzi do with the money people gave him?

　　A. He spent it all on things for himself.

　　B. He deposited it all in a bank.

　　C. He kept it all to save for a good plan.

　　D. He used some of it to pay other people.

　　33. What was Ponzi's crime?

　　A. He kept a lot of other people's money for himself.

　　B. He robbed the banks of millions of dollars.

　　C. He gave people more than the bank did.

　　D. He did not pay people their interests.

　　34. How long did Madoffs tricks last?

　　A. Four year.

　　B. Nine years.

　　C. Forty years.

　　D. Ninety years.

　　35. Why didn't Madoff have to go on trial?

　　A. The officiais couldn't find any evidence against him.

　　B. He admitted he was guilty.

　　C. He had friends in the government who helped him.

　　D. He returned all the illegal money.

第二篇 Oseola McCarty

　　Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999, Oseola McCarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like an ordinary end to a humble life, but there was something quite exceptional about this woman.

　　In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150, 000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown. The money was to help other African Americans through university. She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.

　　She led a simple, frugal(节俭的) existence, never spending on anything but her most basic needs. 2 Her bank also advised her on investing her hard-earned savings.

　　When she retired, she decided that she wanted to use the money to give children of limited means the opportunity to go to university. 3 She had wanted to become a nurse, but had to leave school to look after ill relatives and work. When asked why she had given her life savings away, she replied, “I’m giving it away so that children won't have to work so hard, like I did.” After news of her donation hit the media, over 600 donations were made to the scholarship fund. One was given by media executive, Ted Turner, who reputedly gave a billion dollars.

　　She didn't want any fuss（小题大做）made over her gift, but the news got out and she was invited all over the United States to talk to people. Wherever she went , people would come up to her to say a few words or to just touch her. She met the ordinary and the famous, President Clinton included. In the last few years of her life, before she died of cancer, McCarty was given over 300 awards：she was honored by the United Nations and received the Presidential Citizen' s Medal. Despite having no real education, she found herself with two honorary doctorates（博士学位）：one from the University of Southern Mississippi and the other from Harvard University. Her generosity（慷慨） was clearly an inspiration to many and proof that true selflessness does exist.

　　36. Oseola McCarty inspired the world because_________.

　　A.she had managed to save so much money

　　B.she gave her money to Latin Americans

　　C.she gave her savings to help others through university

　　D.she only spent money on cheap things

　　37. She managed to save so much money because_________.

　　A.she had washed and ironed clothes all her life

　　B.she had worked hard, lived frugally and invested carefully

　　C.she had opened a good bank account

　　D.she knew how to make money

　　38. She gave her money away because she wanted_________.

　　A.to help the university

　　B.others to become nurses

　　C.others to live an easier life

　　D.to be remembered after her death

　　39. After her generosity was made public,_________.

　　A.people donated billions to her

　　B.hundreds of students got scholarships

　　C.hundreds of people put money into the fund

　　D.she was admitted to Harvard university

　　40. McCarty’s generosity indicates clearly that_________.

　　A.selflessness exists in human society

　　B.scholarship funds are popular in the US

　　C.kind-hearted people deserve doctorates

　　D.poor people can donate as much as rich people

第三篇 Gross National Happiness

　　In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.

　　King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).

　　GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.

　　Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

　　Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.

　　Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

　　41. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?

　　A. A president.

　　B. A Buddhist priest.

　　C. A king.

　　D. A general.

　　42. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?

　　A. To make its population grow.

　　B. To keep it separate from the world.

　　C. To encourage its people to get rich.

　　D. To keep its traditions and customs.

　　43. A country shows its progress with GNP by

　　A. spending more money.

　　B. spending less money.

　　C. selling more products.

　　D. providing more jobs.

　　44. According to GNH, people are happier if they

　　A. have new technology.

　　B. have a good, stable government.

　　C. can change their religion.

　　D. have more money.

　　45. Today many countries are

　　A. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.

　　B. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.

　　C. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.

　　D. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.

　　第5都分：补全短文(第46～50题, 每题2分, 共10分)

　　下面的短文有5处空白, 短文后有6个句子, 其中5个取自短文, 请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置, 以恢复文章原貌。

Voice Your Opinion：Change IS Needed in Youth Sports

　　Everywhere you look, you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet (网球拍). And these kids are getting younger and younger. In some countries, children can compete on basketball, baseball, and volleyball teams starting at age nine._____ (46) And swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four, to prepare children for competition.

　　It’s true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams. _____(47) This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious negative effects.

　　Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport. Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it.._____ (48) But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport-for fun.

　　Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches. Children are not naturally competitive. In fact, a recent study by Paulo David found that most children don’t even understand the idea of competition until they are seven years old. _____(49)

　　The third, and biggest, problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework, have fun, be with friends—in short, time to be kids. When they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice, they often start to hate their chosen sport. A searchers found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competitive sports before the of twelve quit before they turn eighteen. _____(50) Excessive competitive away all the enjoyment.

　　We need to remember the purpose of youth sports—to give kids a chance to have developing strong, healthy bodies.

　　A.A survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their children concentrate on one sport.

　　B.Many of them completely lose interest in sports.

　　C.Very young kids don’t know why their parents are pushing them so hard.

　　D.The youth soccer organization has teams for children as young as five.

　　E.Sports for children have two important purposes.

　　F.But what about the others, the average kids?

　　第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题, 每题l分, 共15分)

　　下面的短文有l5处空白, 请根据短文内容为每处空白确定l个最佳选项。

Look on the Bright Side

　　Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always _______ (51)to be successful? Having someone around _______ (52)always the worst isn’t really a lot of _______(53)— We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says , "It looks _______( 54 ) rain. " But if you catch yourself thinking such things, it's important to do something (55) _______ it.

　　You can change your _______ (56)of life , according to psychologists. It only takes a little effort , and you'll find life more rewarding as a _______(57). Optimism, they say, is partly about self-respect and confidence but it's also a more positive way of _______ (58)at life and all it has to offer. Optimists are more _______ (59) to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks.

　　Upbringing is obviously very important in _______(60) your to the world. Some people are brought up to _______(61)too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything _______(62)wrong. Most optimists, on the _______(63 ) hand, have been brought up not to _______(64)failure as the end of the world—they just _______ (65)with their lives.

　　51 A failed B expected C felt D waited

　　52 A that B when C who D which

　　53 A amusement B play C enjoyment D fun

　　54 A so B to C for D like

　　55 A with B against C about D over

　　56 A story B view C state D sign

　　57 A result B reason C purpose D system

　　58 A laughing B working C looking D shouting

　　59 A realistic B likely C hopeful D pleased

　　60 A sharing B hiding C forming D confirming

　　61 A insist B build C depend D base

　　62 A goes B falls C comes D returns

　　63 A upper B second C other D first

　　64 A regard B tackle C use D select

　　65 A turn B get C take D rely