美国CPA《财务会计与报告》例题（6）

　　为了帮助广大学员备战2014年美国CPA考试，正保会计网校精心为大家整理了美国CPA考试各科目练习题，希望能够提升您的备考效果，祝您学习愉快！

　　Earnings per share

　　All public entities are required to present Earnings Per Share（EPS）on the face of the I/S.

　　参《企业会计准则第34号-每股收益》

　　Simple/Complex capital structure

　　If an entity has only common stock outstanding，then it has simple capital structure.The entity only need present basic EPS for “IDE” and “I” on the face of the I/S.

　　If an entity has securities that can potentially be converted to common stock，then it has complex capital structure.The entity need present both basic EPS and diluted EPS for “IDE” and “I” on the face of the I/S.

　　The key point of identify simple or complex capital structure is securities convertible to common stock.

　　The key result difference is diluted EPS.

　　Basic EPS=[NI available to C/S]/WACSO

　　NI available to C/S=NI–P/S dividend

　　P/S dividend=Dividend declared to P/S+Dividends in arrears

　　Weighted-Average number of Common Shares Outstanding（WACSO）is the mean of shares outstanding and assumed to be outstanding for EPS calculations.

　　发行在外普通股加权平均数（WACSO）=期初发行在外普通股股数+新发行普通股股数 X 已发行时间÷报告期间-当期回购普通股股数X已回购时间÷报告期间

　　考点1. Cumulative P/S 未宣告的股利（dividend in arrears）是否要在计算EPS时扣除？是的。必须扣除。因为在支付普通股股东股利之前，企业必须首先支付历年的dividend in arrears.

　　考点2. 如果三个Stock dividends / splits方案，除实施时间不同外（分别在3/31/X1，9/30/X1，1/2/X2 ），无任何区别。B/S date是12/31，报告签发日为2/25/X2.问三个方案下谁的EPS？一样大。

　　Stock dividends/splits before the F/S ISSUE DATE must be treated as though they occurred at the earliest beginning of the period in the report.

　　Complex capital structure–potentially dilutive securities type：

　　Convertible securities（convertible P/S or bonds）

　　Warrants and other options

　　Contracts that may be settled in cash or stock；and

　　Contingent shares

　　每股盈余有两种，基本稀释要披露。

　　先把基本来计算，分子收益分母股。

　　稀释计算两大类，转换加钱是与否。

　　转换加钱库存法，不再加钱视同法。

　　库存收钱买股票，买了库股兑期权。

　　库股不够发期权，只好注水发新股。

　　库存股法调分母，注水新股加其中。

　　视同法下期初转，分母一定要调增。

　　合同约定转换比，相应增加普通股。

　　可转债券动分子，节省利息要交税。

　　稳健原则永不忘，坚决不能反稀释。

　　库存股法行权价，视同法中看结果。

　　行权价比市价高，视同法下结果大。

　　以上两种情况出，全当证券不存在。

　　“Treasury stock” Dilutive vs.Antidilutive

　　Market price>Exercise price，Dilutive

　　Market price

　　If the security is antidilutive，ignore it during calculating dilutive EPS.因为没有投资人会傻到当market price

　　“If-converted” method are adopted during calculating the dilutive EPS.If-converted method assumes that the securities were converted to C/S at the beginning of the period（or at the time of issue，if later）

　　Diluted EPS=[Income available to C/S + interest on dilutive securitiesX（1-Tax rate）]/[WACSO，assuming all dilutive securities are converted to C/S]

　　Dilution from Options，Warrants，and their Equivalents–Treasury Stock Method.

　　The equivalents of options and warrants include nonvested stock granted to employees，stock purchase contracts，and partially paid stock subscriptions.

　　Treasury Stock Method的逻辑是：

　　当期权行权时，会增加outstanding的股票，进而稀释EPS

　　如果用行权时所收到的金额，按市价购买库存股，会减少outstanding的股票，进而反稀释EPS

　　真正的增加的股票和稀释的效果是以上两者的综合

　　Additional shares outstanding=number of shares issued for option–[proceeds received for option exercise / average market price]

　　Proceeds received for option exercise=number of shares issued for option X exercise price

　　Diluted from Convertible Securities–If converted method