2012年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题

　　第一部分：词汇选项(第1-15题, 每题1分, 共15分)

　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线.请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项.

　　1 All the flats in the building had the same layout.

　　A. color B. arrangement C. size D. function

　　2 The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.

　　A. fresh B. hot C. heavy D. windy

　　3 The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.

　　A. big B. long C. new D. empty

　　4 Our aim was to update a service and we succeeded.

　　A. modernize B. offer C. provide D. fund

　　5 Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.

　　A. slightly B. partly C. completely D. faintly

　　6 Every week the magazine presents the profile of a well-known sports personal.

　　A. success B. description C. evidence D. plan

　　7 He has been granted asylum in France.

　　A. power B. relief C. protection D. license

　　8 When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldn’t resist having a peep.

　　A. look B. chance C. visit D. try

　　9 She moves from one exotic location to another.

　　A. familiar B. similar C. proper D.unusual

　　10 We almost ran into a rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.

　　A. overtook B. hit C. passed D. found

　　11 He was weary of the constant battle between them.

　　A. fond B. proud C. tired D. afraid

　　12 Noting would induce me to vote for him again.

　　A. attract B. teach C. help D. discourage

　　13 He shifted his position a little in order to alleviate the pain in his leg.

　　A. control B. ease C. experience D. suffer

　　14 The photograph evoked strong memories of our holidays in France.

　　A. refreshed B. stored C. blocked D. erased

　　15 Newborn babies can discriminate between a man’s and woman’s voices.

　　A. treat B. express C. analyze D. distinguish

　　第2部分：阅读判断(第16-22题.每题l分, 共7分)

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子, 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息.请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息, 请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及, 请选择C.

　　In Sports, Red is the Winning Color

　　When opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according to a new study.

　　British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman-wresting, and freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.

　　In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors. When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more likely to win the bout.

　　"Where there was a large point difference—presumably because one contestant was far superior to the other—color had no effect on the outcome," Barton said. "Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance."

　　In equally matched bouts, the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to chance, the anthropologists say. Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament. Their report will be published in tomorrow's issue of the journal Nature.

　　Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, has found similar results in nature. Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.

　　The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her, adding that "the idea of the study is very clever."

　　Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates—"red seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and testosterone levels," Barton said.

　　For example, studies by Setchell, the Cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds' dominance.

　　Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculated that "there might be a similar effect in humans. And if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests."

　　The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans' response to color.

　　Setchell, the primatologist, agrees. "As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale when we're scared. These are very important signals to other individuals," she said.

　　The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports—"though it is clearly not very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least," Barton said.

　　He adds that the finding of red's advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire. In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.

　　"That is the implication, though we cannot say that it made the difference in any one specific case," Barton said.

　　Meanwhile, Setchell noted—tongue-in-cheek—that a red advantage may not be limited to sports. "Going by the recent [U.S.] election results, red is indeed quite successful," she said.

　　16. Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcome of sports matched.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　17. Hill and Barton are both interested in primates.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　18. Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　19. Red is not an advantage for zebra finches.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　20. The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　21. Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　22. Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports uniforms.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　第三部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23~30题, 每题1分, 共8分)

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

　　How technology pushes down price

　　Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution technology. Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. People who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less capital. Good is therefore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been. Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years, and continues to drop.

　　Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale. Like any big business, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. As supermarkets get bigger, the prices get lower.

　　Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on producers to cut their margins. As a result, some producers have had to make cuts. In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33,000 to 245,000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its “path to growth” strategy. Cadbury has shut nearly 20 per cent of its 133 factories and cut 10 per cent of its 55,000 global workforce. These cuts help keep costs down, and the price of food stays low.

　　Does cheap food make people unhealthy? Cheap food may encourage people to eat more. Good companies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America, soft drinks came in 8oz (225g) cans in the past, then 12oz (350g), and now come in 20oz (550g) cans. If a company can sell you an 8oz portion for $7, they can sell you a 12oz portion for $8. The only extra cost to the company is the food, which probably costs 25 cents.

　　Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money. But it is hard to change the trend.

　　23 Paragraph 1

　　24 Paragraph 2

　　25 Paragraph 3

　　26 Paragraph 4

　　A. Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices

　　B. Chain stores provide better service

　　C. Technology helps reduce food prices

　　D. Huge retailers force producers to cut costs

　　E. Consumers like supermarkets

　　F. Food comes cheaper in larger portions

　　27. Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in___

　　28. Some food producers have reduced___

　　29. Besides cutting its workforce, Unilever also abandoned its___

　　30. Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got___

　　A. minor brands

　　B. a good barging

　　C. large quantities

　　D. their workforce

　　E. huge portions

　　F. their money

　　第四部分：阅读理解(第31~45题, 每题3分, 共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文, 每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容, 为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇 Gross National Happiness

　　In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.

　　King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).

　　GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.

　　Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

　　Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.

　　Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

　　31. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?

　　A. A president.

　　B. A Buddhist priest.

　　C. A king.

　　D. A general.

　　32. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?

　　A. To make its population grow.

　　B. To keep it separate from the world.

　　C. To encourage its people to get rich.

　　D. To keep its traditions and customs.

　　33. A country shows its progress with GNP by

　　A. spending more money.

　　B. spending less money.

　　C. selling more products.

　　D. providing more jobs.

　　34. According to GNH, people are happier if they

　　A. have new technology.

　　B. have a good, stable government.

　　C. can change their religion.

　　D. have more money.

　　35. Today many countries are

　　A. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.

　　B. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.

　　C. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.

　　D. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.

第二篇 Going Her Own Way

　　When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic "finishing" schools. There they learned a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria —or her mother. By this time, she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.

　　Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two types of high schools: the "classical" schools and the "technical" schools. In the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature, and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.

　　Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages, mathematics, science, and accounting2.Most people — including Maria's father — believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.

　　Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her father’s approval. She finally did, with her mother's help, though for many years after, there was tension in the family. Maria's father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helped her.

　　In 1883, at age thirteen, Maria entered the "Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti" in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.

　　36. Maria wanted to attend________.

　　A） a private “finishing” school

　　B） a school teaching Latin

　　C） a technical high school

　　D） a school for art and music

　　37. In those days, most Italian girls________.

　　A) did not go to primary school

　　B) went to “finishing” schools

　　C) did not go to high school

　　D) went to technical schools

　　38. Maria’s father probably________.

　　A) had a modern views about women

　　B) had a traditional views about women

　　C) was interested in women’s education

　　D) thought Latin was easy for women

　　39. High school teachers in Italy In those days were________.

　　A) flexible

　　B) intelligent

　　C) kind

　　D) strict

　　40. We can infer from this passage that________.

　　A) Maria’s parents liked her personality

　　B) Maria was a girl of strong will

　　C) Maria mother paid for her education

　　D) Maria gave in under her father’s pressure

第三篇 DNA testing

　　DNA testing reveals the genes of each individual person. Since the early twentieth century scientists have known that all human characteristics are contained in a person's genes and are passed from parents to children. Genes work as a chemical instruction manual for each part and each function of the body. Their basic chemical element is called DNA, a copy of which can be found in every cell. The existence of genes and the chemical structure of DNA were understood by the mid-1900s, but scientists have only recently been able to identify a person from just a drop of blood or a single hair.

　　One of the most important uses of DNA testing is in criminal investigation. The very first use of DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in Great Britain, when a man confessed to killing a young woman in the English countryside. Because police had found samples of the killer's DNA at the scene of the crime, a biologist suggested that it might be possible to compare that DNA to some from the confessor's blood. To everyone's surprise, the tests showed that he was not the killer. Nor was he guilty of a similar murder that had happened some time earlier. At that point he admitted that he had confessed to the crimes out of fear and police pressure. The police then asked 5,000 local men for samples of their blood, and DNA testing revealed that one of them was the real murderer, so the first man was set free.

　　In 1992, two law professors, Peter Neufeld and Barry Scheck, decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convicted prisoners. With the help of their students, they created a not-for-profit organization called the Innocence Project. Most of their clients are poor men, many from racial and ethnic minorities. In fact, studies have shown that U.S. judges and juries are often influenced by racial and ethnic background, and that people from minority groups are more likely to be convicted. Some of these men had been sentenced to death, a form of punishment used in thirty eight states out of fifty (as of 2006)。 For most of these prisoners, their only hope was another trial in which DNA testing could be used to prove their innocence.

　　Between 1992 and 2006, the Innocence Project helped free 100 men. Some of these prisoners had been in jail for ten, twenty years or more for crimes they did not commit. However, the goal of the Innocence Project is not simply to set free those who are wrongfully in jail. They also hope to bring about real changes in the criminal justice system.

　　Illinois in the late 1990s, a group of journalism students at Northwestern University were able to bring about such a change in that state. They began investigating some Illinois prisoners who claimed to be innocent. Through DNA testing, the students were able to prove that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crimes they had been accused of. Thirteen of these men were set free, and in 2000, Governor Ryan of Illinois decided to stop carrying out death sentences until further study could be made of the prisoners' cases.

　　The use of DNA in criminal cases is still being debated around the world. Some fear that governments will one day keep records of everyone's DNA, which could put limits on the privacy and freedom of citizens. Other people mistrust the science of DNA testing and think that lawyers use it to get their clients free whether or not they are guilty. But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now free men, DNA testing has meant nothing less than a return to life. And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent person should ever be convicted again.

　　41. What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A. DNA testing has changed the American legal system.

　　B. DNA testing has helped innocent men go free in Illinois.

　　C. DNA testing has played a key role in criminal investigation.

　　D. DNA testing uses genetics to identify a person.

　　42. DNA testing was first used in a criminal case by

　　A. a lawyer in New York

　　B. students in Illinois

　　C. doctors in the United States

　　D. police in Great Britain

　　43. The innocence project uses DNA testing to

　　A. help the police put people in prison

　　B. find out which lawyer are incompetent

　　C. prove that suspects are guilty

　　D. set free innocent prisoner

　　44. Some students in Northwestern University

　　A. proved some prisoners were not guilty

　　B. believed some suspects were from ethnic groups

　　C. told the governors of Illinois not to free the prisoners

　　D. showed DNA testing was not always reliable

　　45. What is the author’s attitude toward DNA testing?

　　A. Negative

　　B. Positive

　　C. Suspicious

　　D. Indifferent

　　第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题, 每题2分, 共10分)

　　下面的短文有5处空白, 短文后有6个句子, 其中5个取自短文, 请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置, 以恢复文章面貌。

The Mysteries of Nazca

　　In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified (迷惑)people for decades. (46) But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth.

　　The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren’t discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines.

　　Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old, but their purpose is still a mystery. (47) However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys.

　　In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle (记录) of the movement of the stars and planets. (48) Later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldn’t find any relation between the lines and movements in space.

　　Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountain and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. It’s possible that in the past, the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose. (49) But the local people have never constructed anything this big.

　　Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that lines could have been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and receives only 2cm of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for ancient water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built ancient people were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant map of underground water in the area. (50)

　　A. He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”

　　B. Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.

　　C. Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.

　　D. Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.

　　E. A Swiss writer named Erich von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.

　　F. The largest picture may have been the sites for special ceremonies.

第6部分：完形填空(第52~65题, 每题1分, 共15分)

　　下面的短文有15处空白, 请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

The Old Gate

　　In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for 51 reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious 52. The Old City of London gates were all 53 by the end of the 18th century. The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, 54 by a stroke of luck, it was never destroyed.

　　This gate is, in 55 fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the 56 between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar 57 , numbered the stones and put the gate in storage 58 its design was unfashionable it was expensive to 59 and it was blocking the traffic.

　　The Temple Bar Trust was setup in the 1970's with the 60 of returning the gate home. The aim of the trust is the 61 of the nation's architectural heritage.

　　Transporting the gate will 62 physically pulling it down, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be 63, though there is a good 64 that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest 65 of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.

　　51.A. Sensitive B. Defensive C. Offensive D. primitive

　　52. A. injuries B. symptoms C. colds D. Diseases

　　53. A. Devoted B. demolished C. declared D. decreased

　　54. A. For B. Or C. But D. nor

　　55. A. Real B. Usual C Actual. D. current

　　56. A. borders B. Pares C. Limit D. Lines

　　57. A. Along B. Down C. Up D. away

　　58. A. because B. While C. Where D. That

　　59. A. maintain B. discover C. Repair D. Fix

　　60. A. Opinion B. Project C. design D. Intention

　　61. A. conversion B. reservation C. preservation D. registration

　　62. A. Stop B. Keep C. continue D. Mean

　　63. A. replaced B. stored C. exchange D. recognized

　　64. A. Fate B. lesson C. idea D. chance

　　65. A. Case B. job C. voice D. type

　　参考答案：2012年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题参考答案