应收款项管理和现金管理

Trade Receivables Management (应收款项管理)

应收款项影响到企业营运资本的管理，应收账款增加，企业需要更多营运资本进行周转。

1. Cost of Credit Sales（赊销的成本）

Most business-to-business sales are made on credit. This leads to costs of:

>> financing the investment in the receivables;

>>bad debts;

>> administering receivables.

2. Factors to Consider When Offering Credit（赊销需要考虑的因素）

When selling on credit, businesses need to consider the following:

√ Which customers should receive credit?

√ How much credit should be offered?

√ What period of credit should be offered?

√ Should discounts be offered for prompt payment?

3. Debt Factoring（保理）

Factoring involves a business selling substantially all its receivables to a financial institution that will pay up to 80% of the value of the receivables immediately and the rest when the customer pays. In return for agreed fees and finance charges, the business may receive: financing; sales ledger administration; and debt collection.

Types of agreement include:

>>Without recourse—means that the factor bears the risk of a customer defaulting.

>>With recourse—means that the bad debt reverts to the business.

Cash Management（现金管理）

1. Reasons for Holding Cash（持有现金原因）

√"Transactions" motive

√"Precautionary" motive

√"Speculative" motive (to buy in ahead of a shortage or price rise)

The major factors that determine how much cash a business holds are likely to be the following:

>>Predictability of cash flows

>>Interest rates (if interest rates are high the cost of borrowing becomes higher, more cash may be held.)

>>The availability of short-term finance (e.g. overdrafts) that may be used if cash balances become exhausted.

2. Cash Budget（现金预算）

Cash budgets can be used for forecasting cash requirements. These may be particularly important for smaller companies. Assumptions will need to be made, for example, about when customers will pay (i.e. the delay between making a sale and receiving the cash).

想了解更多关于营运资本管理或ACCA相关知识，欢迎查询正保会计网校ACCA专栏。

正保会计网校为ACCA黄金级培训机构，是F6（CHN）中国税法的教材提供商，有十多年的ACCA教学经验，结合全方位的教学服务，帮助学生顺利通过考试。为了让学员详细了解自身的报考条件及部分科目免考资格，网校特别提供免费预评估服务。

详情查看正保会计网校ACCA招生指南，免费试听网课，也可咨询在线客服或拨打热线电话：400 650 9000