Capital rationing is a restriction on an organization’s ability to invest capital funds, caused by an internal budget ceiling being imposed on such expenditure by management( soft capital rationing), or by external limitations being applied to the company, as when additional borrowed funds cannot be obtained( hard capital rationing).资本配给是对一个组织的投资资本的能力的限制。由管理层对这类开 支造成的内部预算上限,成为软性资本配合;由外部限制被应用于公司,这时额 外借来的资金不能获得(硬性资本配给)。
1. Soft capital rationing- Internal factors: 公司可以融资,但不愿意融资
1) Reluctance to surrender control 发股票融资,可能降低对公司控制
2) Wish only to use retain earnings 只愿意用自有资金
3) Reluctance to dilutes EPS 发股票融资,会稀释 EPS
4) Reluctance to pay more interest 不愿意增加利息支付
5) Capital expenditure budgets 资本费用预算节制
2. hard capital rationing- external factors 公司想要融资,但融不到资
1) Depressed stock market 股票市场表现不好,投资者不愿意投资
2) Restrictions on bank lending 银行借不到款,可能信用不好,可能政府的挤 出效应“crowding-out”
3) Conservative lending policies 借款政策 保守,企业不满足条件
4) Issue costs 发行成本太高,无法发行