China and Russia have introduced export restrictions on petrol as local prices surge and consumers protest, a sign that emerging countries are spreading the use of beggar-thy-neighbour policies from food commodities to energy.

　　随着国内价格飙升、消费者抗议，中国与俄罗斯都对燃料出口下达了限制，这一迹象表明新兴国家正在将“以邻为壑”的政策从农业大宗商品延伸至能源领域。

　　The measures, announced over the past few days, come as inflation becomes a problem in emerging countries, forcing central banks to tighten monetary policy to cool their economies.

　　过去几天中俄两国相继出台限制措施之际，新兴国家的通胀问题日益凸显，迫使各国央行收紧货币政策，给经济降温。

　　The move comes as oil prices on Tuesday recovered from a sell-off last week. ICE June Brent rose $1.25 to $117.15 a barrel.

　　周二，原油价格在经历了上周的抛售之后有所回升。伦敦洲际交易所(ICE) 6月份交割的布伦特(Brent)原油价格上涨1.25美元，至每桶117.15美元。

　　Wholesale gasoline and diesel prices in New York also recovered sharply.

　　纽约市场的汽油和柴油批发价格也大幅反弹。

　　Moscow has raised a gasoline export duty by a hefty 44 per cent this month, in what amounts to the imposition of a prohibitive tax on overseas sales.

　　本月，莫斯科将汽油出口关税大幅上调44%，实际上相当于对海外销售实施寓禁于征的税收。

　　At the same time, Beijing has put strong pressure on its state-owned companies to halt overseas sales of gasoline.

　　同时，北京对国有企业施加了巨大的压力，要求它们停止向海外销售汽油。

　　Sinopec, Asia’s largest refiner by capacity, has announced that it will not export more than small amounts in May to Hong Kong and Macao.

　　中石化(Sinopec)宣布，5月份除保留供香港、澳门地区的基本资源需求外，将停止向其他地区出口。以加工能力计算，中石化是亚洲最大的炼油企业。

　　“Though exporting oil products makes good profits, we have suspended exports,” the company said.

　　“尽管成品油出口效益较好，……但我们已暂停向其他地区出口，”该公司表示。

　　China and Russia have used export restrictions in the past as an anti-inflation tool in the agricultural sector.

　　中国与俄罗斯曾在农产品领域使用出口限制措施，作为一种抗击通胀的工具。

　　Moscow restricted grain sales in 2008 during the global food crisis through the use of export duties and quotas and imposed a total export ban in August 2010 after a drought destroyed its crop.

　　2008年全球粮食危机期间，莫斯科曾利用出口关税与配额制度来限制粮食销售。2010年8月遭遇严重旱灾、庄稼受损后，还实施了全面出口禁令。

　　The export ban remains in place.

　　目前，出口禁令仍然有效。

　　Beijing imposed an export ban on rice in 2008 after the cost of it surged to an all-time high on the international market.

　　2008年国际市场大米价格飙升至历史新高之后，北京对大米出口实施了禁令。

　　Commodity analysts and traders blame the export restrictions for exacerbating the 2007-08 food crisis that triggered panic buying among importers.

　　大宗商品分析师与交易商认为，这些出口限制措施加剧了2007-08年的粮食危机，引发了进口国家的恐慌购买。

　　Moreover, analysts and traders said that the export restrictions in China and Russia would depress local fuel prices, stopping price signals from helping to slow demand growth and deterring refiners from investing in new capacity.

　　此外，他们还表示，中俄两国的出口限制措施将压制国内燃料价格，让价格信号无法发挥抑制需求增长的作用，并使炼油企业不愿投资扩大产能。